Introduction: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is a generalized epileptic syndrome. Age of onset is usually between 12 to 18 years. JME consists of myoclonic jerks, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs) and typical absence attacks. EEG shows characteristic changes in JME. Long term video-electroencephalography MONITORING (VEM) is a helpful diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of patient with unclear history or EEG findings. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the role of VEM in diagnosis of refractory epileptic patients.Materials and Methods: This study is retrospective and descriptive on patients of Epilepsy MONITORING Unit of Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between March 2011 and March 2012. Telephone interview was scheduled 6-18 months after discharge to evaluate results of VEM on the frequency of seizures, the therapeutic regimes and patients’ quality of life.Results: 24 cases with diagnosis of JME were chosen among 250 patients who were admitted with refractory epilepsy. Fourteen of them were female. The average age of patients was 24 years old and the average duration of the seizure attacks was 12.97 years. The mean frequency of GTCs was 2.76 attacks per month and after VEM and proper treatment, it decreased to 0.27 attacks per month.Conclusion: VEM is a helpful diagnostic procedure for evaluating of refractory JME epileptic patients.

Background: The goal of health system reform in Iran is embarking on a series of continued changes for improving efficiency, fixing justice for people's use of health services, protecting people against financing dangers due to disease, and reforming payment system. Family physician program is selected as the base of health system reform. Method: For this cross- sectional study (in 1387), 36 family physicians were selected.Data gathering was done through a standard questionnaire provided by ministry of health and medical education (including 5 aspects: management, PERFORMANCE, contract & guideline, social cooperation and results). Chi-square test and descriptive tables were used to analyze the data through SPSS software 11.5.Results: The study of the average score of the cities, job level and work record in 5 aspects indicated that Abarkouh (99.48), heads of centers (91.68), and physicians with job background between 10-20 months (97.73) had the best PERFORMANCE, while Mehriz (85.38), public physicians (90.16), physicians with job background of lower than 10 months (86.73) had the worst PERFORMANCE. There was a significant difference between work city and family physicians' scores in social cooperation. Conclusion : The findings showed the necessity of documenting and prioritizing the whole area problems and inadequacies of centers, observance of the referral system according to standards of state and country by physicians, creating electronic health folder for the whole dependent population, increasing communication between health team, people and state attendant, making use of people participation, solving livelihood problems of health team members and paying their salary and benefits on time,...

This paper explores theoretical foundations and methods of parliamentarians’ PERFORMANCE MONITORING comparatively. Combating political corruption, enhancing accountability and the rule of law as a basis of MONITORING are discussed in the first part of the paper. In the second part, monitors parliamentarians conducts via rules of conduct as part of the internal control system has been studied and its differences with other types of regulatory rules mentioned. In the following, rules of conduct principles such as honesty and truthfulness, priority of public interests over personal interests, independence, non-discrimination, transparency and so have been discussed. Finally, the most common methods of MONITORING, external and internal MONITORING bodies, sanctions of violating rules of conduct and its impact upon parliamentary immunity of the representatives have been studied.

Introduction: Seed drills are the planters that plant the seeds in rows in close proximity. The sowing rates of seed drills are regulated by fluted roller seed metering mechanism which may have different seed numbers each time in their grooves. Given the nature of these types of seed, it is not possible to completely prevent the change in seed flow rate. In addition, during sowing with seed drills over a field, seedless areas may remain largely due to unavoidable problems, such as a malfunction of the seed metering mechanism, clogging of seed tubes, emptying of the seed hopper, etc. Due to the closed-loop of the sowing process seed drills, seeds can be placed with an undesirable population per unit area. In this regard, the seed drill PERFORMANCE MONITORING system by providing online feedback on the operating status of various parts could optimally improve sowing efficiency. Materials and Methods: At first step, to develop a seed drill MONITORING system, an infrared seed sensor was designed to be installed in sowing tubes of seed drills. To establish an equation for mass flow rate estimation, the sensor was evaluated by a roller seed metering system and three types of seeds including chickpea, wheat and alfalfa (respectively, representative of large, medium and fine seeds). It was found that a completely acceptable equation can be made between the voltage and the flow rate of each type of seed. Afterwards, designing and constructing a seed drill PERFORMANCE MONITORING system based on developed seed flow sensors was considered. In the proposed MONITORING system, the seed flow sensors were installed separately in each seed tube, so that the amount of seed flow rate, the presence or absence of seed flow in the graphical interface can be displayed. The forward speed is measured with the Hall sensor and, taking into account the mass flow rate of the seed, the sowing rate is calculated according to the seed mass sown per unit area. During operation, the system registers sowing data with the location information provided by the GPS module. The overall information from the sowing PERFORMANCE is then recorded simultaneously on the embedded memory card and displayed in the graphical interface. In addition to sowing operations, the proposed system continuously indicate the seed and fertilizer levels of the hoppers measured by ultrasonic sensors. Results and Discussion: The developed MONITORING system was constructed and installed on a seed drill, equipped with 13 sowing units. With applications of three levels of ground speed and sowing speed during field experiment, the sensing system is assessed under outdoor operating conditions, including planter vibrations, tractor speed variation, and the dust. The field test resulted in a correlation coefficient of 85 percent between the mean of the weighted data obtained from the scale and the mass flow estimates. The outdoor experiments results appeared to be weaker than laboratory evaluation. Regarding the outdoor operating conditions, the obstruction of the optical elements by the dust seems to have the most adverse effect on the PERFORMANCE of the proposed sensing system. In addition, increased forward ground speed and sowing rate resulted a negative impact on the PERFORMANCE of the developed seed flow sensor. So that with increasing speed and mass flow rate, the passing seed flow becomes denser and more seed remains hidden from the measuring elements. In the case of the hopper level control sensor, ultrasonic sensors had proven to be a suitable and inexpensive practical solution for checking the fertilizer and grain level. Conclusion: There are some suggestions for the development of the sowing MONITORING system in future research. When designing an optically based seed sensor, optical elements with a smaller propagation angle are preferred. In this case, the error caused by optical overlap would be minimized. The sowing PERFORMANCE MONITORING can be triggered as appropriate feedback received from the forward speed sensor. The flow sensor can therefore only be activated when the tractor is moving and exceeds a predefined threshold. In this case, the environmental effects that affect the PERFORMANCE of the seed sensor can be automatically zeroed when the tractor is stopped. Reduce the wiring between system components by establishing wireless communication protocols, CAN, etc., the use of new operating methods for the modification and cleaning of infrared elements against dust, the development of a graphical interface in Android and iOS systems and the use of tablets and mobiles Phones to display sowing information are some of the issues that could be considered in future system updates and developments.